The Afghanistan War With The Soviet Union History Essay

The afghaniistan warfare With The Soviet wedding History EssayThe Afghan War changed the Soviets leaderships policies of using armed forces to impose political decisions, and addition all toldy it is of the essence(p) to ensure the culture and geography in order to better netherstand the victory of Afghanistan. Preceding the attack on Afghanistan in juvenile mid-s gisties the Soviets had previous success with violations. Their upstanding successful former was shown in Ukraine (1945-1951), einsteinium Ger more (1953), Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia in (1968). The Soviets invasion in Afghanistan was a repeat of 1968 and as well exchangeable to the Vietnam US War. The Soviets main estimation to invade Afghanistan, encountered several lines which kept them in Afghanistan for over nine days, predating both the putsch of 1973 and the April revolution in any case cognize as Saur revolution seizing power from Daoud. This revolution occurred in 1978 later on the concl usion of the Parcham which was a name given of one of the factions of PDPA. The PDPA ( communistic peoples Democratic caller of Afghanistan), was divided into deuce factions in 1967 the Khalq and the Parchem. The PDPA was chthonian the Khalq faction, who wanted to include womens right, although hard Islamic believers did not agree, and the Parcham was a move toward socialism. The PDPA assisted Daoud to take power over Sahir Zhah, setting off the coup. Soviet were supporting Parcham because they believed that Afghans werent developed copious to undergo fabianism. The PDPA eventually collapsed and Nur Mohammad Taraki, Babrak Karmal, and Hafizullah Amin overthrew the regime of Daoud, and renamed the country the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA).April 1973, minister of religion Daoud took power over his cousin who was the king and became President of Afghanistan. Little did he know that six years later in April 1979, he would be overthrown by a communist groups engineered b y army and air strained officers who had examine the Soviet Union (Grau, W. L 2004, p.136) .Although, in 1973 Daoud Khan came to a violent end, at that induct was an enormous military attack in capital of Afghanistan and with the patron of Afghan military they killed Daoud and family members. It all began following this military coup, which the communist peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan were heading. During his rule Daoud eliminated all communists from the cabinet and began legislation to fling communist parties in Afghanistan. In December 1979, Muslim guerrillas emerged resisting to follow the coup, tip to Soviet troops moving into Afghanistan setting off an international crisis (Grau, W.L. 2004, p.134). The Soviets were invited into Afghanistan to help fight the rebels who were so right and resisting this regime of communism, officially installed April 27 1978. The coup led pro Soviet Armed forces in, who installed a Marxist establishment under the leadership of No or Mohammed Taraki. Rebels in Afghanistan were resisting this new Marxist governing body who were anti religion. Marxism was mainly a dispute between socialism and capitalism. In 1979 Amin, who later became Prime Minister, assassinated President Taraki. The Prime Minister, Hazifullah Amin, tried to take divulge Muslim traditions, but the country as a whole had strong Muslim beliefs making this a lot harder to sweep aside. Amin was too a leader of a government who rejected religious beliefs and arrested thousands of Muslims. This caused thousands of Muslims to join the mujahedeen a guerrilla force on a holy heraldic bearing for Allah (Hughes, G. 2008, p.336) who wanted to overthrow those who supported Amin. The mujahidin were great opponents to this, grievanceing for lxxv percent of Afghanistans populations and the second most powerful military power thither was absolutely no way they were going to allow religion to be swept away over communism. This outrageous attack took pla ce on Christmas Eve as Soviets were well aw are that Western governments were not prepared to attack. Soviets seized the salang tunnels, key airfield, key government and communications sites in Kabul They set-aside(p) the main cities and expected it to all finish right then and on that point. The boilers suit suffering that the Soviets caused on Afghanistans during the War was more than Germany on the Russians in existence War II. Furthermore they killed Amin bringing into power Babrak Karmal as president.It quickly became unambiguous by mid 1980 that the Afghans were incapable of chastiseing the Mujahideen, and supporting a communist troupe in Kabul. Building socialism was illusory. This touched upon the Russians, who were now in Afghanistan claiming they were invited and that they were there to support the Amin government. The Soviets ideology took a lot colossaler than think. Ideally the Soviets planned to send in the Red Army to take over or at least change political a nd economical domination (Hughes, G. 2008, p.333). Their image for military occupation of Afghanistan was based on stabilizing the country by garrisoning the main routes, major cities, airbases and logistic sites. Providing logistic, air, artillery and intelligent support to Afghan forces accepting minimal Soviet casualties and strengthening Afghan forces (Grau, L.W.2008,p.3), so erst the resistance was defeated, the Soviet Army could be withdrawn Quickly at bottom months Afghans armed themselves ready to attack the personal and the entire population in Kabul were chanting God is great, emphasizing their strong Muslim beliefs. In 1980, President Reagan administration supplied Afghan rebels with stinger surface- to-air-missiles, which substantially reduced the posture of Soviet airpower in the war (Kalinovsky, A. 2008, p.384). These missiles were macrocosm launched up to take pop out helicopters, and they were mounted up on the shoulders of the soldiers. In 1986 Karmal resigned and Mohammed Najibullah took power. The Afghan War fought under four general leaders who went through with(predicate) the process of leadership throughout the invasion in Afghanistan coming to realise that they were unable to defeat the Afghans Brezhnev, Chernenko, Andropov and Gorbachev. Brezhnev, who was in power in 1970 and was an historic political figure for the Soviet Union, until his death in 1982, was the one lead communism to Afghanistan. Prior to 1970 there was the Brezhnev precept which stated When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the festering of approximately socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only when a difficulty of the country c at a timerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries. The doctrine was also to justify the soviet invasion in Czechoslovakia, and Hungary, Furthermore to put an end to democratic liberalization. Many treaties were signed, although they were so free that they even used these pri nciples to justify their military intervention in Afghanistan in 1979. Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the Soviet Union in 1985 and neither him nor his people in the government, were party to the decision to invade Afghanistan in 1979 (Kalinovsky, A. 2008, p.388). These decisions were taken into account to begin with with the general leader Leonid Brezhnev, who was in favor of limiting interventions only to observe independent but openly pro Soviet Afghanistan. Brezhnev was not pickings orders from capital of the Russian Federation and that is when they took him out of power and put their own candidate in power, and used an adverse intervention to aid the DRA, to fight against the Mujahideen as a cover and the Mujahideens then began a Holy War. The Mujahideens with time were meet more equipped with modern weapons. They were becoming smarter as to how to fight the Soviets and didnt channel it easy for them. Receiving new and more powerful weapons they adapted to Soviets strate gies learning how to come to down helicopters.Gorbachev since October 1985 started pressing Karmal to change party policy and abandon communism and form a government in which included elements of the opposition (Kalinovsky, A. 2008, p.384). Although, two years later in 1987 the situation finally became clear to capital of the Russian Federation that it was more serious than they had thought. Soviet leaders were becoming aware that their plans for redeeming(a) the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, was insufficient (Kalinovsky, A. 2008, p.384). This became one of Gorbachev worries, and that was how the Soviet Union would be looked at in the Third World if the DRA regime was to collapse. They were failing to defeat the Mujahideen, and couldnt believe the power Afghanistan had overcome. In Hungary and Czechoslovakia they had it a lot easier. The Soviets had been trying to charm Afghanistan ideologically and economically and they were not ready to be destroyed. Gorbachev needed to set out it clear that they were serious about their withdrawal. He pointed out that the USSR wanted to be neutral in Afghanistan and did not need to maintain military bases. He knew at this point that withdrawing troops within twelve months would be practicable (Hughes, G. 2008, p.333). Soviets leaders tried to find many ways to withdraw from Afghanistan without undermining Soviet status. Gorbachev was leave aloneing to sacrifice his long standing position as a leader to stop the supply and arms to the Afghans. The USSR also insisted that by occupying Afghanistan, Moscow would secure advantages over Pakistan and Iran. Moscow coerced Afghan into signing papers under the UN auspice that April 14 1988 the Soviet army would withdraw. During this time Pakistan and Iran were providing aid to the Mujahideen, and other place like the US, China, Britain, France, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and United Arab Emirates began funnelling military and humanitarian aid through Pakistan. It was Pakistans best interest to support the Mujahideen who would never accept the Soviets presence (Grau, 2004). The war in Afghanistan left the country with many political, economic and bionomical problems. More than 1 billion Afghans died in the war and 5 million became refugees in neighbouring countries. In addition, 15,000 Soviet soldiers were killed and 37,000 wounded. Economic production was drastically curtailed, and oftentimes of the land lay to waste (Hughes, G. 2008, p. 342). The CIA provided Muslims between 1986 and 1988 with approximately 1,000 of the missiles. After the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989 in a humiliating defeat, the Afghan government continued to suffer attacks from the Mujahideen who were never going to accept the idea of bringing in Soviet troops to throw away their religion. The Afghan government receive funding and arms from the Soviet Union until it collapsed in 1991(Grau, W.L. 2004, p.134). Furthermore once the Russians withdrew the US government demanded the return of the weapons, although the response they received by the leader of the Islamic party at the time Yunis Khalis was We will not return the stingers, we need them the most (Prados, J. 2002, p.471). There was then a long process from the US to get gumption their missiles and they were buying them back for twice the amount, although in 2001 they still believe that 100 to 200 stingers are in the hands of Afghans.Today the Afghanistan War with the Soviet Union has been studied to prove that it led to a major rise of Islam. The following constituent which elaborates on concerns society has about contribution to Afghanistan and moreover it will also look at how the US views Islam in todays society. The invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Red army in 1979-1989 consisted of the US supporting the Mujahideen once again but here against communism. This is where Khalid mentions in his expression, how Bin pie-eyed was scrap against Soviet Invaders US support ing and training Bin sloshed. But it had also been an argument that the Muslims were a threat to Western Christendom long before they became a problem (Khalid, A. 2007, p. 128). Furthermore it raised the question of necessary enemy. Osama Bin Laden was working against the Soviet invaders, during the invasion in Afghanistan and when the Talibans came to power. Bin Laden was to begin with receiving training from the CIA, who later handed him over to the Islamic fighters. In an article by Oleinik, he views the Afghan war from different perspectives, not only a geopolitical one and military issues, but he observes that there was an important economic factor with regards to the oil and gas industry. The Soviet Union had an interest in exploitation of gas in Northern Afghanistan (Oleinik, A. 2008, p. 289). Afghanistan is a very important country connecting Pakistan and India with rich oil and gas. Another problem was the Soviets realizing the Taliban controlled most of the country. Despi te the economic factors, the Soviets were engaged in many reforms in Afghanistan, they assisted in training, and in building the police, army, the government and educational systems. The Soviets contributed to a large role in Afghanistan. They created an Afghan syndrome (Prados, J 2002, p. 469), and for them in was a turning point in 1986 when the US supplied air-missiles. Afghanistan declaring victory will go on in history.Most political and economic issues have been ignored for many years, but recently after the attack in New York in September 2001, there are numerous rumors saying that the US created cornerstone. Al-Qaeda is an Islamic group which was founded in the time of the invasion in Afghanistan 1988 and late 1989. They are formed mainly of Sunni Muslims, and a stateless army in which the majority consider them to be a terrorist organization. Despite the fact of rancid beliefs which indicate the US and allies created Al-Qaeda, there is absolutely no recount to prove thi s, although it is typically ironic how the US does view Islam in todays society. The US since the 1980s invariably backed up the Afghan Mujahideen, however in the late 1990s America strove to overthrow Taliban Regime, which mostly belonged to Majahideen. The US had always followed a sort of double standard relationships with Islam, although terrorist attacks have openly presented an probability for Washington to attempt to constrain the emerging international system as a whole, to focus it on the issue of anti-terrorism (Yazdani, E. 2008, p. 44).The main issue that has touch the US global policy is the terrorist attack on 9/11. It basic began with President Bush who tried to identify a fight, although it was quickly focussed against the Muslim and Non Muslim world. This point ended up stating that America considered being supporters of terrorism. This therefore created possible associate between the Al-Qaeda terrorists in Afghanistan and some groups of the Islamic world in Cent ral Asia do these parts a US security priority (Yazdani, E. 2008, p. 47). Bush at this time proclaim that the evidence they had gathered was pointed towards an affiliate terrorist organization, and that the leader was Osama Bin Laden. He also linked other organizations in other countries including the Egyptians Islamic Jihad and more. The US seems to be fighting against authoritarian governments of some Islamic nations, and in other ways the US shows that they are supporting cruel and dishonest monarchies (Yazdani, E. 2008, p. 40). In other words there is a lot of controversy regarding the invasion in Afghanistan and the US creating Al-Qaeda. Main argument was that they trained Bin Laden for these attacks and there has not been any substantial evidence despite the links they have previously made.The Afghanistan War till today is seen as an event in time where the Soviet leaderships policies of using armed forces were taken into account while invading. The Soviets did not use any a rmed forces to attack or tragically destroy a country like the Atomic flop dropped in 1945 by the Americans. Although the Soviets at the time were incapable of defeating the Mujahideen for practice and they were in possession of serious armed forces, the Afghan War made them consider their political powers. The Soviets were considered throughout history to be the most powerful army having the Red Army in power, and they defeating the German Nazis which was a gigantic defeat. When Gorbachev made his final decision to withdraw, he did know however that it was important to keep authority and power, because his own people and the outside world. He explains how difficult, long and painful this process was and he wanted to refrain from public embarrassment. The Mujahideen brought upon the Soviets tough opponents, which they knew they were unable to defeat, although they did not want to underestimate their powers. The Afghan War left Afghanistan with a tragedy they will not forget. Furt hermore in todays society the Afghanistan War has left many with doubts of this war creating Al-Qaeda and terrorism, and the US being the main focus, causing the attack in New York on September 11, 2001. Today many believed that within the next twenty years or so the US will become seriously multiform with a guerilla War. The US remains in Afghanistan, creating a large risk of setting off a crisis. The Afghan War furthermore demonstrated that regardless of any lessons in past history, there is no army however sophisticated, well trained, material rich, numerically overwhelming and unpitying can succeed on a battle field if not psychologically fit and motivated for the fight (Grau, L.W. 2008, p.10). The Soviets greatly determined this statement, and the Afghans turn out it right. Winning a war consists of moral qualities, strong faith, stubborn determination, personal identity and unending patience (Grau, L.W.2008, p. 10).Word Count 3290