Hotel industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hotel industry - Assignment Example In my case, I intend to add value to my hotel service industry by picking my raw foodstuffs from distributors who are recommended by the public health organization in the United States. My hotel service targets all customers, fixing desired prices on the foodstuffs while making quality and service to customers as the main aim as opposed to mincing money from the public. Moreover, the staff employed in my hotel should have adequate training in catering bearing in mind health and safety standards of the organization. However, I do not intend to run the hotel for my entire life. I intend to make it pick and gain popularity within its location then sell it to a new management at a higher price when business hits peak. This, I intend to implement through ample customer relations, providing safe products as well as placing customer preference and quality as my main aim. Service to humanity is service for money.The chart above shows the organization of my hotel service industry. Moreover au dit ought to be done every end of the financial year to assess the employees as well as the milestones achieved by the organization. Any product that aims to be brought to the hotel must be taken through health and quality checks to ensure that safety and health standards are adhered to.Reputable hotels are very successful in both their businesses and expansion. The most challenging task in the hotel industry is the handling of competition which comes about with providing quality services as well as fixing prices that are desirable to the target customers.

Ben & Jerrys Company Analysis - Short Essay Example for Free

Ben Jerrys Company Analysis Short Essay Companies like Ben Jerry’s could definitely be affected by high inflation because of the consumer spending. When the consumers are forced to pay higher prices for products or services that are a necessity, they cut back on products or services that are a luxury. Luxuries that are not a necessity to live like gasoline for vehicles or gas to heat homes or even food will not be bought. Any company that sells a luxury item that is not a necessity to live can be affected by high inflation. With inflation, the price of everything goes up. With that said, the price for companies to buy supplies goes up, meaning that in order to cover their overhead, they will need to find a way to make that money back which could mean layoffs or raising the price of their goods or products. In a recession, companies like Ben Jerry’s could also face the possibility of being negatively affected because of the demand of consumers. Very much like inflation, recession has the same effect; the consumers do not want to spend their money on luxury items. With the recession, there are more people unemployed who are just barely getting by, therefore, will refuse to spend any money on something that does not decide whether they have a home or not, which includes a luxury item like ice cream. Ben Jerry’s could also be affected because of their stock prices. During a recession, the price of stock usually declines. So, their revenue would be affected as well as their stock, which would result in bad overall performance of the company. Speaking from personal experience, any luxury item that I absolutely do not need, I do not buy. I simply cannot put myself in a position to not pay a bill because I want to â€Å"treat† myself. With all this said, Ben Jerry’s provides a reasonably priced luxury item that I would consider a â€Å"feel-good† luxury item. Everyone loves ice cream, young and old. Consumers still need to have a quality of life with the changing economic conditions and if buying an affordable luxury item gives them that, they are going to splurge and buy it. Unlike other luxury items, such as getting clothing and spa appointments, the consumer still gets to feel good and not go broke. Ben Jerry’s makes a one of a kind product, their flavored ice cream, which makes it an easy buying decision for the consumer. The text book also explains that McDonald’s is not hit as sensitive to the economic conditions for the same reason. Their food is reasonably priced and the consumer still gets to feel like they are â€Å"treating† themselves to restaurant food without breaking the bank. Ben Jerry’s has social, product and economic condition missions that make them popular in their industry. Not only do they care about making a profit, but they care about their people, environment and planet. They have mission statements for each of these and they follow through. As a consumer, I would rather buy my luxury item from a company that cares about something other than making a buck like their competitors. They make their ice cream to support causes like the recent Imagine Whirled Peace flavor that hosted a competition and donated money to them to support their peace cause. They also have a foundation that gives grants to non-profit organizations that are working for progressive social change. They hold fund-raisers and rally days. They provide hope, awareness and celebration. They also use naturally and humanly produced ingredients as part of one of their missions as well, which is something that would usually increase the price of any products, but with this company, it is just part of their offering. All in all, they provide more than just ice cream to the consumers which makes them less vulnerable to the economic shocks.

Genetic Engineering - Genetics and the Future of Medicine Essay

Genetics and the Future of Medicine Around the world and all through time that man-kind has walked the earth, medicines have been used to cure a variety of diseases and disorders. The field of medicine has made astonishing advancements from the times of Voo Doo and â€Å"medicines† simply being successful due to the placebo effect, to the current studies of medicine that physically cure. Today’s pharmaceutical industry is said to be â€Å"one size fits all†, in the belief that one kind of medication for a certain problem, is the right medicine for everyone. This idea could be part of the distant past. Using genetics, a certain kind of medicine could be prescribed so that there are no gene inducing side effects, and to receive the best results. On the other hand, genetics in the future will be able to prevent genetic disorders far before symptoms arise. Research and advancements in genetics will be the â€Å"new wave† of medicine. DNA varies from person to person, and these tiny variations could mean different effects of medication. According to an article titled â€Å"Medicine Gets Personal† by Marc Wortman, published in Technology Review, this could play a big role of medicines of the future. Eventually, knowledge of one’s personal genome will help one’s doctor decide which medication could be the best for him/her. With this genetic information, the doctor will know whether or not the prescription will have any hazardous side affects. The tiny variations of DNA are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In order to be able to decipher how certain medications will interact with DNA, scientists must first identify as many variations as possible and figure out which ones have a significance in the effects of medicines. ... ...be the answer to solving many medical mysteries that have remained unsolved for centuries. People will have to make a decision that will affect life dramatically. Though there are the drawbacks, an individual will have to choose what is more important to them. Should one get the genetic treatment and live a full life, but possibly be discriminated against? As opposed to choosing to not choosing to receive the genetic treatment and know that they are insured and employed, though the person might suffer. The decision should be up to the patient. Genetic therapy will be the new wave in the field of medicine, and it could save lives. Works Cited Boyle, Philip J. â€Å"Shaping Priorities in Genetic Medicine.† The Hastings Center Report v. 25 (May/June 1995) p. S2-S8 Wortman, Marc. â€Å"Medicine Gets Personal.† Technology Review v.104 no1 (Jan/Feb 2001) p. 72-78

Thoughts on Whats It Mean To be Human Essay -- Human Nature Essays

Thoughts on What's It Mean To be Human Last year I had a lot of headaches. Two months passed, and I still did not go to the doctor. However, one morning I woke up, and I just could not open my eyes because the pain that I had in my head would not let me. Also I felt dizzy every time that I tried to stand up. I decided to go to the doctor and present my concerns. The doctor recommeded an MRI test. The test indicated that I have a tumor in my pituitary. Thanks to the great development of technology and good equipment such as the computer system that doctor used to test and figure out my disease, I am being treated successfully with the help of doctors and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence may be described and evaluated by learning about the Turing test, the Loebners contest and discussing basic human nature contrasted with computers. According to www.encarta.com the definition for Artificial Intelligence is a system that makes it possible for a machine to perform functions similar to these performed by human intelligence such as learning, reasoning, self - correcting and adaptive. In other words, machines are able to do what a human does such as learning, reasoning, etc. Then does it mean that computers are intelligent. The most widely spread definition of Artificial Intelligence is called the Turing test. According to Platts article the Turing test has it origin in 1950, when Alan Turing a British mathematician proposed: If a computer successfully impersonate a human during a free- form exchange of the test messages, then for all practical purposes the computer should be considered intelligent(12). Then the Turing test is quite simple. If a computer is found to give answers to questions that cannot be distin... ...owever, computers are never going to replace human intelligence. Even though an MRI can give you a highly enhanced view of your brain, it will always be necessary for a doctor to look at the results and make a diagnosis that a computer is still unable to do. This is, because humans are spontaneous, they are able to do whatever they want to do without another person telling them what to do. Instead, Computers always have to do what somebody else tells them to do and do not think by their own. Works Cited Artificial Intelligence. 2000 www.encarta.com. ( April 10, 2001.) Laucius, Joanne. Otttawa Citizen. Newsweek magazine. December 2000. Platt, Charles. Whats It Mean ToBe Human, Anyway? Composing Cyberspace Identity, Comunnity, and Knowledge in the Electronic Age. Ed. Richard Holeton. US: MC Grow Hill, 1998. 12-20. News. 2000 www.msn.com. (April 10, 2001. )

Disability Affects Devleopment

3. 3 – Explain how disability may affect development Children with a disability may be subjected to prejudice or discrimination at school. They may be bullied or ridiculed by other students which will affect their self-confidence and in turn affect their learning capabilities and development. Disabilities are categorised in different forms i. e. learning or physical. Learning disabilities which affect development could be. Autism; autism is a developmental disability which affects how a person relates and communicates with other people and the world around them.A child/young person with autism finds it difficult to understand facial expressions or the tone of a voice. They can feel lonely and cut off from society as they avoid social interaction. This could affect their ability to development or interact in social settings or in the classroom. Dyslexia; is a difficulty in learning to read. A child/young person suffering from this may become frustrated and problems could arise at home or in school, behavioural problems could also be seen, as well as the child becoming unmotivated or developing a dislike for school.If dyslexia is undetected then this will affect their development at school and could spoil any chance of achievement. Cerebral palsy; cerebral palsy is a condition which affects the movement, posture and co-ordination of a person. A child/young person with this disability may only be affected physically with this disability while others could be affected by seizures, epilepsy or difficulties with speech and language. The social model of disability. In the 1970’s and 1980’s a civil rights based approach was developed by disabled people.Buildings were built in such a way that there was no access for wheelchairs. Information was produced in a way that disabled people could not use. Attitudes and stereotypes about a disabled person prohibited a disabled person from having the same opportunities as an able bodied person. Special servic es were created that kept disabled people segregated and cut off from everybody. The medical model of disability. Under this model a disabled person was defined by their illness or medical condition. If they did not fit into society then they were institutionalised or kept isolated at home.A disabled person had no options over: What school they attended, what support they received, If they were allowed to work and where they could work. Overall in the last fifty years there has been a huge step in thinking when it comes to the care and education of disabled children and young people. in the past the social and medical mode of disability meant that opportunities for learning and developing were denied for those with disabilities. However, today there is a different approach and majority of settings look for ways of increasing learning and development for disabled children and young people.

Archduke Ferdinand essays

Archduke Ferdinand essays The Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand No other political murder in modern history has had such momentous consequences as the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. He was the heir to the Habsburg empire, and the first to fall victim to political homicide. Unlike some constitutional monarchies in Western Europe, the Habsburgs had failed to modernize their multinational state. They used force to defend their institutions, and they were faced with a mass of revolutionary movements in Italy and Hungary. Although the Sarajevo assassins were Bosnians and thus Austro-Hungarian citizens, and although they had plotted against the Habsburg dignitaries for years, three leading members of the conspiracy, Princip, Cabrinovic, and Grebez, came to Sarajevo from Belgrade. They were armed with pistols and bombs, which they had obtained through some Bosnian youth from Major Voljislav Tankosic, one of the leaders of the Black Hand. Despite the common goal of national liberation shared by the Young Bosnians and the Black Hand alike they differed in their approach to internal problems in the South Slav society. The civilian authorities at the border informed the Serbian government that some members of the Black Hand were smuggling arms into Austro-Hungarian territory. An investigation was at once opened. They questioned Colonel Apis, the leader of the Black Hand, but he denied that his men were involved in these operations. There is a theory that there was a power struggle between Apis and Pasic, the Prime Minister who thought Apis was threatening the whole political system of Serbia. The struggle led Apis to approve the delivery of the arms to the Sarajevo assassins. It seems that Apis did not expect that Princip and his accomplices would succeed in killing the archduke. Colonel also thought that their efforts would provoke a greater strain in relations between Pasic and the Vienna government. These complications woul...

buy custom Environmental Issue in the Conflicts between TRIPS and CBD essay

buy custom Environmental Issue in the Conflicts between TRIPS and CBD essay Technological advancement on a global reach has made it possible for humankind to find easier, better livelihoods. It has also led to globalization in many aspects including social trends, communication, trade practices, management of businesses, industrial processes and much more. Inventions are therefore vital processes of human life, thus there is need to protect the innovativeness of the creators of products or processes from undue exploitation by other people. This was the idea behind the creation of the Intellectual Property Laws: laws that protect the rights of inventors and therefore encourage new ideas and products for social and economic development (Watal 1). The way these new products are used in the society, as well as the procedures controlling their trading, both locally and internationally is incorporated in the agreement called the Trade Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). However, in the much-needed procedure to protect the rights of inventors or creator s, certain elements of the social, environmental and biodiversity wellbeing of humans and other species living on Earth have been compromised. It can be debated, for instance, the significant action between protecting the rights of a drug inventor thereby allowing higher price for it and making the drug affordable to needy populations across the globe who cannot afford it (Parr 109). The convention that advocates for biodiversity conservation as the primary aim of any inventions is called the CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) .This paper will critically discuss the conflicts between the TRIPS and the CBD. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Intellectual properties are products of the creative ability of individuals for which a set of exclusive rights are granted. The chief aim of the intellectual property rights is to protect the innovative quality of the creator of the property from being exploited by others, thereby allowing the owner to recover the complete social value of the property. This protection encourages more innovations, which in turn add value to society. In the context of its social value, the intellectual property is also granted some value as if it were a real asset. International Bureau of WIPO (16) indicates that, such property maybe music, software, artistic and literary work, inventions, discoveries, words, phrases, designs and symbols. Intellectual property rights may include copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets and industrial design rights. The exclusive rights pertaining to the intellectual property rights allow the owner or creator to benefit from the proceeds of the property in the way of financial investment done. In the case of patents, the creator is allowed reward for research and development costs (Levine, 2008).The World Intellectual Properties Organization (WIPO) gives two primary reasons for the development of Intellectual Property Rights. The first one is to give a statutory statement of the moral and economic rights of the inventors or creators in their work and to indicate the mode and extent of public access to these properties. The second reason is to encourage creativity in the society, which leads to increased economic growth and social development. Arguments from a moral perspective have supported IPR in that it is just to protect the product of ones intellect, and that it is not right to allow people to misuse others ideas (Correa 66). The Utilitarian-Pragmatic argument is of the view that, societies that protect intellectual property advance more than those that do not. Further, it is notable that, such protection leads to more security in creativity, and therefore a more socially and economically progressive society. On a personality perspective Richard (21) argues that a person has the ability to make his freewill into a thing, or make something the result of his freewill. The trade related aspects of the Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) The Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement set the minimum protection level standards for every category of Intellectual Property Rights. These standards are incorporated in the national legislature of each member state of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It was formulated in 1994 after the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) convention in Uruguay (Carvalho 55). This agreement seeks to bring together all member states under a common set of regulations, thereby dealing with setbacks, such as copyright infringements and international piracy in every member state. TRIPS attempt to harmonize the two conflicting aspects of property rights: allowing motivation for research and development while at the same time giving the public access to existing inventions. Under the agreement, IPR extends the period for which a patent runs to 20 years from the date the patent is filed, and further time is allowed for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) (Wat al 1). The TRIPS also lay down the necessary legal and administrative backbone requirements, in certain details, in any of the member states for the proper and sufficient empowerment of rights holders to protect their products. The document also stipulates the correct procedure for disputes resolution whenever a dispute arises amongst the member states subject to the WTOs dispute settlement procedures. Special arrangements regarding the transitional period granted are given to Least Developed Countries (LDCs), which have not laid down the necessary product patent protection in pharmaceuticals (Bernasconi-Osterwalder 200). However, the members are left to implement the provisions of this agreement on their own. Some of the basic requirements of TRIPS include: copyright terms are given a period of 50 years after the death of the owner or creator. computer programs are given copyright protection as is given to literary works. copyright is given automatically and is not subject to such regulations as renewal of license or registration (Love 204). patents are granted in all technology fields and are enforceable by law for at least 20 years. This makes requires the member states to make patents available for technological inventions, whether in products or processes, as well asthe entire technology industry, without discrimination. exceptions to these rights are limited unless there is conflict between normal exploitation of the work and normal exploitation of the patent. intellectual Property Rights may not favour citizens of one state than they favour citizens of other signatory states as in the National Treatment principle. There are, however, some extremely limited exceptions to this requirement. Special interest areas of the TRIPS There are issues within the member states that are given particular consideration or importance by the TRIPS (Correa 65). These are listed below: Geographical indications Geographical indicators are defined in the TRIPS agreement as those properties or attributes of a good that identify it like theas original in the territory of its members, or a specific region within that territory, where a certain indication or characteristic is attributable to this geographical origin. According to the agreement, it is therefore the responsibility of the members to enforce legal means to prohibit the use of misleading indications as concerns geographical origin especially where the issue of unfair competition may arise (Watal 1) Industrial designs Members are obliged to protect new or original industrial designs after ascertaining that such designs do not resemble any known or existing designs. An exception to this consideration is if a design has been ordered to meet a specific functional or technical consideration (Parr 113). Patents Members are obliged to avail patents for new inventions, whether they are processes or products in the technology field (Moore Yang 31). However, this is subject to the basic tests of inventiveness, novelty and industrial applicability. The exceptions to patents grant is in cases where the product corrupts the morl theme of the public, or cause harm to animal or plant life. The second exception regards to therapeutic or surgical methods for the treatment of humans and other animals (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity 12). Layout designs for electronic circuits This article requires members to provide protection for electronic circuit layouts in accordance with the IPIC (Intellectual property in respect of Integrated circuits) treaty. It lays down the period of protection as eight years, and lays down the procedure for dealing with innocent infringers (Grain 1). Protection of undisclosed information Undisclosed information may include trade secrets and any other information that has commercial value and that has undergone certain processes aimed at keeping it secret. This information is not treated in the agreement as a form of property, and further does not require that any bearer of such information must have the means ofprotecting it from beingaccessedby thethird parties (Parr 75). Convention on Biological Diversity Formed in 1993, the convention was formed with the aims of conserving the biological diversity, aiming for the sustainable use of the components of biodiversity and ensuring fair usage of products arising from the use of genetic resources. The convention sustains some conflicts with the TRIPS especially in its objective of ensuring fair usage of biogenetic products, since fair usage sometimes maybe restricted by Intellectual Property Laws. It has members from countries all over the world and holds periodic meetings (Moore Yang 32). Biodiversity This refers to the variety of life on planet Earth, including the patterns it forms, and the complex way in which species interrelate in order to sustain life. It is a product of billions of years of evolution and human influence. It also focuses in the genetic constitution of organisms, as well as the varied ecosystems in which life can be found. The convention is largely seen as the key global policy on sustainable development. Biodiversity guides decision-makers based on the principle that a threat in loss of biological diversity cannot be sufficiently met using the blame of incomplete scientific knowledge, but rather that entire measures must be taken in order to remove or otherwise minimize the danger (Grain 1). It argues that environment conservation and establishment of sound balance in ecosystems will eventually lead to economic and social benefits. Some important concerns in the convention are measures and incentives that lead to conservation of biodiversity regulation of access to genetic resources, including the prior informed consent of the source party allowing access to technology to the people or the government that offers resources that leads to the technology other key concerns are scientific cooperation, impact assessment, public awareness creation, provision of financial support and national reporting on issues of biodiversity treaty implementation. The Cartagena Protocol on biosafety The protocol was adopted in year 2000, thus also called as the Biosafety protocol. It seeks to protect the biological diversity from the risks of modified microorganisms that result from modern biotechnology. It asserts that all new technologies should be applied with precaution while allowing developing countries to balance economic gains with the equally weighty agenda of the public health. Therefore, countries are allowed in the protocol to ban imports containing genetically modified materials if the country feels there are no sufficient scientific proofs of safety in the use of such materials. In addition, the global strategy for plant conservation aims at implementing a policy to slow down the extinction of plants due to poor biosafety measures. The Nagoya Protocol This protocol was formed in 2010 and aims at ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits of utilization of genetic resources as a way of conserving and sustainably using biodiversity. Information to be shared include traditional knowledge as it relates to genetic resources covered by the CBD (Bernasconi-Osterwalder 189).There are other protocols and agreements formed under CBD with the chief aims of biodiversity conservation. Conflicts between the TRIPS and CBD It is evident from forgoing discussions that the intellectual property rights are crucial under both the CBD and TRIPs Agreement, although most of the issues are approached differently between the two organisations. Walker (45) indicates that both agreements possess a wide international acceptance and membership that is a strong motivation for development of mutually supportive relationships between the two respectable regimes. Currently, there are some developments, which have been set to establish methods to be followed for cooperation and consultants among the Secretariats of the CBD and TRIPs Agreement. The Secretariat of CBD posses an observer status in trade and environment organised by the WTO Committee (Busche 44). It is crucial to note that TRIPs Agreement and CBD offers degree of flexibility in the national implementations of their provision, thus there is a considerable extent for implementation of the two agreements to continue in a complementary manner. However,the speci fic policy or legal mechanisms, which can result to effective synergy, have not been well established. Nevertheless, there are a number of areas of policy coherence that has substantially been noted. Generally, the conflicts between the CBD and TRIPs Agreement concerning rights of biodiversity can adequately be sited through both will force parties and treaties to choose which agreement take preference over the other. Watal (1) found out that there are at least three notables areas that results to out right contradiction between the two organisations. Some of these areas include systems of rights, objectives and the legal obligations. The TRIPs and CBD have conflicting objectives The main intention of the CBD is to strengthen the capacities of developing countries, especially those in Africa, Asia, Asia Pacific and Latin America to use and conserve biological diversities on the long-term basis. This is done while taking into account all the rights over the available resources and comprising rights to enjoy benefits associated with the resource base. As a result of structural imbalances, which exist between countries rich in the biological diversity and the ones having strong legal and technological mechanisms, the South has persistently been over exploited (Busche 40). To rectify and level the playing field for equal participation of the developing countries, the CBD should: empower the South, in order to regulate access to its biodiversity. conditioning access to biodiversity of the South, through requiring initial informed consents as well as sharing of benefits attained. creation of enabling the environment to allow for transfer of technology from the North to South recognize the priority collective rights of the local communities living in the LDCs. This is because they are the main source of traditional knowledge and biodiversity and whose mandates in conservation are currently universally recognized as fundamental (Love 209). On the other hand, the TRIPs are intended to offer private property rights over the processes and rights, whether they pertains bio-diversity or not, with an aim of ensuring that the interests of corporate are equally safeguarded globally. Bernasconi-Osterwalder (131) argues that the equal legal regime that TRIPS hopes to attain may result to monopoly control, especially to those corporate that claim to have invented new animals, microorganisms, plants, or any other use thereof. Simply put the main agendas of the TRIPs is to privatize and notprotecting the biodiversity (Walker 39). Conflicting systems of the rights The rights to intellectual property as stipulated under TRIPs can be recognized based on novelty. On the otther hand, the rights of community under CBD are well founded on the basis of the pre-existing rights with regard to biodiversity as well as associated knowledge.IPR on inventions related to biodiversity is considered dependent upon rights of the communities. Downes (14) indicates that by altering the meaning of the novelty to be myopic, a culturally minimized industrial interest, implementation of the TRIPs systematically negates the wider historical contributions that have been made by these communities in the developing countries. This is with regard to global biodiversity as well as substantially undermines their rights. Therefore, it can be seen that the two structures of rights as detailed in the CBD and TRIPs are in complete opposition to each other. As indicated in the forgoing discussions, TRIPs agreement candidly defines the intellectual property rights as private righ ts. Due to the fact that these rights are subject to general principles of national treatments as set by WTO, implementation of Article 27.3(b) as stipulated by the TRIPs Agreements on biodiversity will result to jurisdictions of the private individual property rights (Love 203). In this regard, global scope of the rights highly destabilizes regime of the national sovereignty as espoused by the CBD that hope to recognize inherent rights of the local and indigenous communities. In this sense, one can see that the IPRs, which are applied under the TRIPs significantly runs counter to the objectives of convection: IPRs prevent the CBD from realisation of the practical and full meaning of the Article 3 that deals with national sovereignty as well as Article 8j dealing with the rights of the indigenous and local communities. conservation of the biological diversity as stipulated by CBD cannot be attained under global regime of the private monopoly rights. This is because conservation of the biological resources signifies enormous responsibilities, which TRIPs have not yet allocated to the ones who benefits from the ownership rights to the available resources. The private property regimes as established by the TRIPs can undermine implementation of the benefits and accesses sharing provisions of the CBD. Downes (15) indicates that, private monopolies only start where community or national sovereignty has been substantially suspended. Under the TRIPs, genetic resources that communities and nations are mandated to control as well as access will be under the controls of the IPR holders. Communities as well as governments will not have any means of regulating control or demand any share of benefits. Conflicting obligations Moore Yang (67) stipulated that the member states of TRIPs and CBD face similar inescapable challenge. The two treaties are extremely binding to the signatories, although their duties pull countries in different directions. In most cases, it can be seen that countries that in all good faith hopes to implement the rights of communities under the CBD frame policy can find themselves in serious contraventions of TRIPs Agreements. Downes (13) established that fundamental conflicts between TRIPs and CBD are irreducible and effortless. CBD simply recognises the fact that states posses national sovereignty with regard to their biological resources (Commission on Intellectual Property Rights CIPR 2). the TRIPs hope to establish private individual rights over similar issues. Within one given country, the sovereignty of takes priority, and the framework of CBD may prevail. However, between a sovereign state and a foreign IPR holder, the jurisdiction of a state is limited, thus it can fail to countervail holder of IPR. ultimately, the essential contradiction that exists between the TRIPs and CBD will ultimately be seen, unless communities or governments resolve these discrepancies as soon as they occur (Correa 60). The table below summarizes the existing conflicts between the TRIPs Agreement and CBD. CBD says TRIP says The conflict Nation states posses sovereign public rights on their biological resources The biological resources ought to be under private Intellectual property rights. Obligatory licensing for national interests must be restricted. National sovereignty signifies that a country has the rights to forbid IPRs on biological resources. However, TRIPs mostly overlooks this right, as it requires provision of the IPR on microbiological, non-biological, patents and microorganisms protections on plant varieties. The exploitation or use of biological resources has to rise to equally shared benefits. Patents ought to be offered for entire field of technologies, thus the exploitation or use of resources should be protected by the IPR. CBD offers developing countries the legal basis for demanding the shares of benefits. However, TRIPs negates this legal authority. Access and control to biological resources necessitate prior informed consents of country of origin. Further, it requires involvement and approval of the local and indigenous communities. There exists no provision that necessitates prior informed consents to access biological resources that may at a times be secured by IPR Currently, CBD offers states the legal authority, in order to diminish incidences of bio-piracy by demanding prior consents. However, TRIPs disregard this authority, thus promoting bio-piracy. States ought to promote sustainable and conservation of biodiversity Safeguarding of the public nutrition and health as well as public interests, should be a subject to private interests of holders of the IPR as seen in provisions set by the TRIPs Agreements. CBD regards common good and public interests over vested interests and private properties. This is exactly opposite of what TRIPs does. (Grain 1) Resolving the conflict Downes (12) argues that, if the CBD hopes to implement in interests of well-being and survival of the humanity, then there is an urgent need to implement policies, which are extremely objective and are not undermined by narrow agendas of the TRIPs. To achieve this, there is a need for stakeholders to: recognize that CBD has the primacy over WTO in regard to areas of biodiversity as well as traditional knowledge systems. ensure that review of TRIPs agreements enables sovereign states to prohibit all forms of life forms as well as related knowledge from the IPR systems. urgent recognition of the collective rights of local communities and indigenous people over their knowledge relating to bio-diversity (Grain 1). Conclusion From the discussion above, one can see that the global societies requires invention and needs adequate motivation and protection for creators of ideas or products that are socially and economically beneficial to the society (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity 2). However, it is also extremely necessary to conserve the environment, as well as ensure the establishment and continuity of the much-needed balance in the eco-system as a fundamental step in sustaining life on planet Earth. Another need that has emerged is that of recognizing indigenous knowledge systems and the collective rights of communities. While TRIPS agreement takes on the important mandate of protecting property rights, it needs to be sensitized to nurture biological diversity and recognize fundamental rights of participants in the invention process (International Bureau of WIPO 10). Buy custom Environmental Issue in the Conflicts between TRIPS and CBD essay

Essential Standardized Test Taking Tips for Parents

Essential Standardized Test Taking Tips for Parents Standardized testing will be a significant part of your childs education typically beginning in 3rd grade.   These tests are crucial not only to you and your child, but also to the teachers, administrators, and school your child attends. The stakes can be extremely high for schools as they are given a grade based on how well students perform on these assessments.   In addition, many states utilize standardized test scores as a component of a teachers overall evaluation. Finally, many states have stakes tied to these assessments for students including grade promotion, graduation requirements, and the ability to receive their drivers license. These test-taking tips can be followed to assist your child to perform well on the test. Discussing the importance of these tests with your child will push them to do their best and following these tips can aid in their performance. Reassure your child that he or she does not have to answer all the questions correctly to pass. It is not expected that students answer every question correctly.   There is always room for error. Knowing that they do not have to be perfect will help eliminate some of the stress that comes with testing.Tell your child to attempt to answer all of the questions and not to leave any blank. There is no penalty for guessing, and students can get partial credit on the open-ended items.   Teach them to eliminate ones that they know are wrong first because it gives them a higher chance of getting the correct answer if they are forced to guess.Remind your child that the test is important.   It sounds simple, but many parents fail to reiterate this. Most children will put forth their best effort when they know   it is important to their parents.Explain to your child the importance of using time wisely. If your child gets stuck on a question, encourage him or her to make the best guess o r place a mark in the test booklet by that item and go back to it after finishing that section of the test. Students must not spend too much time on a single question. Give your best attempt and move on. Ensure that your child gets a decent nights sleep and a good breakfast before taking the test. These are essential to how your child performs. You want them to be at their best. Failing to get a good nights rest or good breakfast can cause them to lose focus quickly.Make the morning of the test a pleasant one. Do not add to your childs stress.   Do not argue with your child or bring up a touchy subject. Instead, try to do extra things that make them laugh, smile, and relax.Get your child to school on time the day of the test.   Give yourself extra time to get to school that morning. Getting them there late will not only throw off their routine, but it could also disrupt testing for other students.  Remind your child to listen carefully to the instructions from the teacher and to read the directions and each question carefully.   Encourage them to read every passage and every question at least two times. Teach them to slow down, trust their instincts, and give their best effor t.Encourage your child to stay focused on the test, even if other students finish early.   It is human nature to want to speed up when others around you are already finished. Teach your child to start strong, stay focused in the middle, and finish just as strong as you started. Many students hijack their scores because they lose focus on the bottom third of the test. Remind your child that it is okay to mark in the test booklet as a help in taking the test   (i.e. underlining key words) but to mark all answers as instructed on the answer sheet.   Teach them to stay within the circle and to erase any stray marks completely.

Team Building 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Building 5 - Essay Example The teams should have the ability to decide the drawbacks of each member and the place that they are going wrong thereby leading to faulty production. After the identification of the faults a list of recommendations should be drawn up in order to address the same. The recommendations thus recorded should be discussed with the entire team. Brainstorming ideas help develop those further and identify the drawbacks, if any. The team members can also be interchanged to form new groups such that the working relationship between them can be developed and a better coordination can be achieved. The results of the newly formed group are compared with the previous ones so as to tabulate the results and draw comparison between the two. Such comparisons help in the development of the teams in the long run. The drawbacks thus identified will help both the teams in future to coordinate the work and achieve better results (West, 2012). 2. Design E is a mixed task force that has members from both the teams working together to develop solutions to interface problem. It is done such that a mutually beneficial end could be reached. It is a traditional method of team building and is used so that the problems in the production process can be solved by the teams without much difficulty (Dyer, Dyer & Dyer, 2007).This method facilitates least involvement of all the team members yet achieves to solve the inter-team problems and allows easy implementation of solutions. Projects in which the competition between the teams are so high that it destroys the competitive environment of the workplace, then such a method of team building is the most effective way. However Design E allows the team members to list the areas of concern one has against a fellow worker. The list is then discussed so that each member knows the areas that he should work on. This method thus increases

Marketing and Distribution Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing and Distribution Management - Essay Example Statistics for the company as per the year 2011 showed that the company has 221,726 employees and its assets total USD 135.131 billion. The company’s main areas of products are mobile phones, televisions, semiconductors along with LED and LCD panels. 1 b. Marketing and Selling Concept Marketing is a collective process through which Individuals and groups attain what they require and want by creating, offering and exchanging products and services which considered as valuable with others. The major concepts hold in this perspective is: Selling Concept This Inside-out perspective assumes that people must be sold whatever good or service the firm wants to offer. First it is decided what should be produced and then is selected a strategy to persuade people to buy the decided product. This approach implies that great deals of promotional or selling activities are needed to make the product move through the market to the consumers. The Selling Concept could be summarized as 1) Start with deciding what the firm wants to make; 2) Persuade the customers to buy the given product; and 3) It is aimed at ‘getting rid of what consumers have’. Marketing concept According to this concept, the achievement of organizational goals depends greatly on knowledge of needs and wants of the target markets. Also, these needs and wants have to be satisfied more efficiently than done by the competitors. The Marketing Concept could be summarized as 1) Start with the needs of the customers; 2) Develop the Four P’s of marketing in light of the customer needs; 3) It is about â€Å"Having what consumers can get rid of† In practice, Samsung followed the marketing concept after analyzing the needs of consumers who require smartphones at affordable costs with all advanced features. The changes in life styles of consumers are closely monitored and suitable applications are designed to match these needs in every new model. That is why the sales volume of smart phone s reached about 40% of sales volume of the company mobile phones category in 2012. 1 b. Market Segmentation and Targeting The segmentation done at Samsung is mainly on the basis of demographics and psychographics. Youth and middle age cosmopolitan consumers of both genders are targeted who belong to middle and high income groups. Novelty seekers, fun loving, extroverts are major personality traits of company consumers segments. The target strategy applied by Samsung is the 'shotgun' strategy according to which a wide range of market segments are covered through creation of many models. In contrast, Apple, which itself is a competitor, offers only a small number of models which are high-profile. In the pursuit of market share, both the companies have managed to mark their geographical presence as well expand it. However, the two companies can possibly come in to conflict inevitably as both get in to the run of trying to generate additional gains. 1 c. Brand Positioning The main posit ioning strategy of Samsung is to stop consumers just thinking about the product instead start feeling it as part of their personality. Normally when brand is transitioned from the left side of the brain to the right side, its position becomes powerful. i) Samsung has a position of best alternative to Apple iPhone category at economical price. Recent court cases of both companies supported this position as Samsung trying to achieve the leading edge in smartphones market.

Political Ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Political Ideologies - Essay Example Ideologies are therefore patterns of thought that play a crucial role in shaping political landscapes often in unconscious ways1. Of these, include democratic ideology. With its origin traced back to the ancient Greece, democracy refers to a system of leadership in which political governance is by people directly or by electing their representatives into leadership positions. The emphasis of this ideology is the free exercise individual rights in shaping political orientations of their country. Its basic tenet is the rule by many through democratic selection processes. The major flaw with this ideology is that the majority always gets their way and may result to oppression of the minorities. Second is conservative ideology. As the word suggests, this ideology refers to the assertion that the traditional governance institutions function the best way possible and that it necessary to avoid radical changes taking place in the society as much as it is practically possible. The emphasis h ere is on ensuring continuity of systems, maintaining stability and where possible returning things to their original status. Liberalism is the third. Attaining equity and liberty in the society are the key defining assertion of this political ideology. The emphasis here is on such things as the constitution, exercise of inherent human rights, democracy defined by free and fair elections, free market economy defined by free trade, and secularism in a country. Embracing divergent political views, libertarians advocate for a minimized statehood or its abolition while advancing a maximized individual liberty. This means that an examination of observed liberalism may establish that they have liberty situated in their core; human rights, democracy, and equality are adjacent while nationalism is on the periphery2. Other political ideologies include socialism, which opposes capitalism on the basis that it creates and concentrates wealth and power to a small segment of the society through w anton exploitation of resources including human resources. They advocate for a system that creates equal opportunity for all people to maximize their potential while using technology and resources for the benefit of the public as a whole, while doing away with any form of coercive pecking order. Closely linked to this is the green party ideology that promotes the exercise green politics defined by social justice, local level democracy, environmentalism, and violence free societies to realize world health. The independent ideology promotes none affiliation to political parties although standing by the principals and manifestoes of political parties is acceptable3. Based on evaluation of the various types of political ideologies, the liberal ideology provides the best flat form for freedom and equality among society members. Since attaining equity and liberty are its basic precepts, this ideology advocates for a structure that provides individuals with basic human rights and freedoms entrenched in a constitution. It further captures aspects like the exercise of free and fair elections also advocated for by the democratic ideology as well as for equal opportunity based on free markets and secularism for people to attain their full potentials4. As opposed to the socialism and republican/ conservative ideology, liberalism allows for improvement in the state of affair to attain maximum benefit possible for an individual in a free market setting. In conclusion, the different types of politica

Risks in the Oil Industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11000 words

Risks in the Oil Industry - Dissertation Example From this study it is clear that while currency may be the central thorough-put of social organization, it is forms of energy that drive the social apparatus. Energy in the form of petroleum, or oil, constitutes the predominant energy form of the modern world. Despite growing concerns about environmental sustainability, and the oftentimes-tumultuous conditions and nations that must be traversed to obtain oil, for the conceivable future this resource is Earth’s primary energy source. The central importance of oil to modern society has necessitated considerable public and private resources are devoted to its procurement. In addition to procurement infrastructure, financial markets have emerged for the sale and speculation on future prices. Oil is a complex resource that must be understood from multi-dimensional perspectives.This paper highlights that  oil is procured mainly from drilling methods, including offshore reserves. There are a variety of grades of oil, referred to as benchmarks, a fact that has necessitated differing terminology. To a large degree crude oil benchmarks emerged with the first futures contract on oil in 1983. Today there are three primary benchmarks: West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Blend, and Dubai Crude. West Texas Intermediate is most prominently used in the United States. WTI is also recognized as the highest grade of oil and generally trades at a premium to the Brent Blend and Dubai Crude, although as will be later demonstrated this is a highly volatile market.

An act of kindness that you did for someone Essay - 1

An act of kindness that you did for someone - Essay Example When I entered into high school, my parents insisted that I begin to learn how to work in order to earn extra income for things that were not covered by my allowance. It was important to them that i learn the value of money and how to spend it wisely. Since I wanted to buy myself a tablet, I decided that I would take up my parents offer and help out at our family store after school and on weekends. I was really looking forward to buying my tablet sooner rather than later. But apparently the universe had other plans for me. I had to do something for others before I could get what I wanted. Tina, our house help, approached my parents and I over breakfast one day and told us that her son was in need of medical care. She had been taking him to the free clinic in town and she was told that he a cancerous tumor on the bridge of his nose and that he needed an immediate operation that was going to cost her $570. Somehow there was something about the diagnosis that did not sit well with me. It seemed not thorough and lacking in analysis. My parents also agreed that the boy should be brought to another doctor for a second opinion. But Tina did not have the money to go to a paid doctor. I had already saved up a little money from the token salary my parents were giving me for helping in the business, a total of $100. Obviously I was inching my way closer to my dream of a tablet. But I felt that Tinas son needed the medical help more than I required the tablet. So I offered my savings to her. I told her to take it and, along with the donations of my parents, take the boy to a specialist for a second opinion. It turned out that the boy was misdiagnosed. The second opinion revealed that he did not have a cyst or tumor at the bridge of his nose. A simple x-ray, according to Tina, showed that the boy had a protruding forehead bone. From the outside, it did look and feel like a cyst because it had a cavity between the forehead and the boys nose, muscle

Risks in the Oil Industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11000 words

Risks in the Oil Industry - Dissertation Example From this study it is clear that while currency may be the central thorough-put of social organization, it is forms of energy that drive the social apparatus. Energy in the form of petroleum, or oil, constitutes the predominant energy form of the modern world. Despite growing concerns about environmental sustainability, and the oftentimes-tumultuous conditions and nations that must be traversed to obtain oil, for the conceivable future this resource is Earth’s primary energy source. The central importance of oil to modern society has necessitated considerable public and private resources are devoted to its procurement. In addition to procurement infrastructure, financial markets have emerged for the sale and speculation on future prices. Oil is a complex resource that must be understood from multi-dimensional perspectives.This paper highlights that  oil is procured mainly from drilling methods, including offshore reserves. There are a variety of grades of oil, referred to as benchmarks, a fact that has necessitated differing terminology. To a large degree crude oil benchmarks emerged with the first futures contract on oil in 1983. Today there are three primary benchmarks: West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Blend, and Dubai Crude. West Texas Intermediate is most prominently used in the United States. WTI is also recognized as the highest grade of oil and generally trades at a premium to the Brent Blend and Dubai Crude, although as will be later demonstrated this is a highly volatile market.

Environmental Impact Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Impact Analysis Paper - Essay Example This is essentially the reason why the leadership style of the management determines to a great extent the success or failure of the leader’s attempt at effecting significant organizational changes. AT&D is an organization that is dire need of effective changes if it is to survive the cut-throat competition that is characterizing the industry it is operating in. It requires a serious rethink from its leadership and especially Muller who at its helm has the leeway to make important decisions that can consequently enable AT&D remain afloat in the ever changing motor industry. The only consolation that Muller has is the fact that there are a number of options that he can institute if AT&D is to weather the imminent bankruptcy that is staring it in the face. In this regard, there are a number of leadership models at his disposal that he can employ in order to steer the organization back to profitability. Already he has come to the conclusion that relocating to an area closer to fo reign automakers like Toyota and Honda, which are increasingly displacing the big three US automakers in market share, and which AT&D is supposed to be supplying spare parts is the way to go. Some of this leadership that he can employ in his bid at enabling the organization relocate to new location without suffering more damage or disenfranchising section of the subordinates include; the 8-Stage model of planned organizational change, appreciative inquiry, individualized theory of leadership, and path-goal theory. The 8-Stage model of planned organizational change and â€Å"American Tool & Die" This theory is anchored in the understanding that an organizational change process can be implemented through following an eight step procedure if it is to be successful and effective. This strategy fits perfectly in AT&D scenario because of a number of factors. In this regard, John Kotter proposes eight stages namely; establishment of a sense of urgency; creation of a guiding coalition; dev elopment of persuasive vision and strategy; communication of the change vision widely in the organization; empowerment of the constituents for a broad-based action on the vision; generation of a short-term win; consolidation of the gains and production of more change; and anchoring of the new approaches in the organizational culture (Beer, & Nohria, 2000, pp. 304). In order to succeed in each of these stages, Keller Muller will be required to demonstrate a very high degree of leadership. First, he would be need to create a sense of urgency through convincing and demonstrating to his workforce that AT & D requires moving closer to foreign automakers if it is to survive the reduction in business that is being occasioned by the fact that the big three automakers that it has been depending on for business over the years are increasingly losing market share to these foreign automakers. This creation of urgency might take the form of demonstrating to them with figures and other fact how g rave the situation is for AT&D such that it has to move with speed to evade a possible bankruptcy or a similar eventuality within a very short time, which in Muller’

Angina Pectoris Care Plan Essay Example for Free

Angina Pectoris Care Plan Essay Care Plan For Angina Pectoris Angina Pectoris Chief Complaint: Patient complains of having tightness and pain in his chest that seems to move down the left arm. Patient describes the pain as being sharp and can be sometimes a mild pain or an immobilizing pain. Medical Diagnosis: Coronary Artery Disease Pathophysiology of: Angina Pectoris Angina Pectoris develops when coronary blood flow becomes inadequate to meet myocardial oxygen demand. This causes myocardial cells to switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, with a progressive impairment of metabolic, mechanical, and electrical functions. Angina pectoris is the most common clinical manifestation of myocardial ischemia. It is caused by chemical and mechanical stimulation of sensory afferent nerve endings in the coronary vessels and myocardium. These nerve fibers extend from the first to fourth thoracic spinal nerves, ascending via the spinal cord to the thalamus, and from there to the cerebral cortex. (http:// emedicine. medscape. com/article/15021 5-overview, 6/1 5/10 12:30 pm) Medical Interventions: Diagnostic Tests: 1. Coronary intravascular ultrasonography A coronary intravascular ultasonography is an invasive ultrasound performed rom a transducer within the lumen of the coronary arteries. (Laboratory test and diagnostic procedures, By: Cynthia Chernicky, 5th Edition 2008). Electrocardiography is a noninvasive acoustic imaging procedure that determines the size, shape, position, thickness and movements of the heart valves, walls, and chambers during each cardiac cycle. (Laboratory test and diagnostic procedures, By: Cynthia Chernicky, 5th Edition 2008). Lipid Profile; Blood 3. Lipid profile; blood is a test to check the units of each of the following: Total lipids, A. Triglycerides B. HDL Cholesterol C. LDL Cholesterol D. E. Total HDL Cholesterol ratio. 4. Stress Exercise Test Stress exercise test measures the efficiency of the heart during a period of physical stress on a treadmill or on a stationary bicycle. Medications: 1. Nitroglycerin Tablets: Classification: Vasodilator, antihypertensive. Action: Reduces preload and afterload, decreasing myocardial workload and oxygen demand. Uses: To prevent or treat angina pectoris, hypertension, and heart failure. Contraindications: Acute Myocardial Infarction, angle- closure glaucoma, cerebral hemorrhage, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, constrictive ericarditis. Route and Dosage: Adults: PO 1 mg. tablet every 5 hours while awake. (Buccal) 0. 1 To 0. 8 mg. hr. worn 12 to 14 hours at a time. (Transdermal Patch) Adverse Reactions: Some side effects of this drug that should be reported to a healthcare provider if they become severe are as follows: headaches dizziness flushing lightheadedness reported to a healthcare provider immediately. The adverse effects of nitroglycerin are: Nausea vomiting Weakness blurred vision fainting spell abdominal pain sweating chest pain pale skin rashes ? peeling of the skin blisters on the skin hives itching difficulty breathing Surgery: 1 Transluminal coronary angioplasty Your hearts arteries can become clogged from a buildup of cholesterol, cells or other substances. This can reduce blood flow to your heart and cause chest discomfort. Sometimes a blood clot can suddenly form or get worse and completely block blood flow, leading to a heart attack. Angioplasty opens blocked arteries and restores normal blood flow to your heart muscle. Angioplasty, a type of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is not major surgery. It is done through a small puncture in a leg or arm artery and opens a clogged heart artery by inflating a tiny balloon in it. Assessment: Subjective: Patient is a 68 year old male with a history of coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Vital Signs as follows: -r: 986 R: 25 p: 102 Objective: Patient seemed to be crying and in severe pain. Skin was flushed, and clammy. Right hand was over left shoulder as if he were trying to relieve the pressure of the pain. Nursing Diagnosis: 1 Physical: 1. Acute pain related to decreased oxygen supply to the myocardium. Nursing Intervention: . Patient will remain on oxygen as ordered for the next 12 hours. 2. Give Nitroglycerin Tablets sublingually every 5 minutes for the next 1 5 minutes. . Patient will sleep for at least 30 minutes every 2 hours for the next 8 hour shift. Nursing Evaluation/Outcome: 1. Patient was able to be taken off of oxygen after the first 12 hours. 2. Patients pain had stopped after 1 5 minutes of administration of the nitroglycerin tablets. 3. Patient was able to sleep for 30 minutes every 2 hours with no interruptions in the last 8 hour shift. Nursing Diagnosis: 2 Psychosocial: 1. Anxiety related to change in lifestyle. Nursing Interventions: 1. Patient will be informed of the importance of taking the nitroglycerin at first sign of pain within an 8 hour shift. 2. Patient will learn how to decrease personal activities within 30 days. 3. Patient will Join a stress management course within the next month. 1. Patient was able to better understand the use of the nitroglycerin tablets after an 8 hour shift. 2. Patient was able to decrease physical activities in the last 30 days. 3. Patient was able to Join a stress management course in last month. Potential/ Risk: 1. Deflecient Knowledge related to coronary artery disease. . Patient will learn the causes of angina pectoris within an 8 hour shift. 2. Patient will learn the importance of side effects to medications within 8 hours. 3. Patient will make sure to get all information of medications before leaving the hospital. 1. Patient was better able to understand what caused the angina pectori by the time he left the hospital. References 1. Laboratory test and diagnostic procedures, By: Cynthia Chernicky, 5th Edition 2008. 2. http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/1 5021 5-overview, 6/1 5/10 12:30 pm

Addictiveness of Video Games

Addictiveness of Video Games Tingting Song Are Internet Video Games Addictive? Yes, They Are. Video games have already became an indispensable part of our lives especially through the Internet as a medium to link the virtual space and real people in the worldwide. It is worth mentioning that Internet video games are more popular among teenagers, and their spare time is occupied by a variety of video games instead of doing something creative, imaginative and innovative. Therefore, they have a greater chance of video game addiction than other groups of players. Susan Orlean (n.d.) who is an American journalist states, â€Å"I’ve always been afraid of video games – not afraid that I wouldn’t like them, but that I would like them too much, and that after mere seconds in front of any particularly bright and absorbing game, I would abandon all ambition, turn into a mouth – breathing zombie, and develop a wide, sofa-shaped rear end.† The speaker points out the emotions of most players in the face of the video game. Video games excites, annoys the p layers, and even lets them hard to give up playing. Also, playing video games is a good escapist channel and the best way to kill time for players. In my position paper, I believed internet video games are addictive particularly for groups of adolescents. I will discuss the reasons, the causes, and the possible effects of being addicted to the games in detail with evidence. There is no doubt that video games addiction is a quiet killer that is threatening the study habits and the lives of teenagers. Game addiction is a sign of teenagers who have an excessive dependence on a game. First of all, video games have addictive triggers to attract and to lure the players to become addicted to the game. In order to draw more players to play the games, game designers tend to make different types of games which meet different individual needs. a) Video games are usually divided into the following several types such as Action, Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing (MMORPG), Strategy, Simulation, and Driving etc. Players can always find the games for their needs in such various categories. b) You will find that there have no specific pre-defined ends for most of these different video games. Players completes every task to have a new discover and those unpredictable factors always inspires players’ curiosity to continue playing the games all the time. c) The game set different reward for the character of the level up. When character have a new start in a new game, the character’s attributes are initialization settings in the game. If players want to finis h the advanced task, to upgrade character’s attributes and to get more skills, they must make their roles from the initial level up to full level soon. With the level of ascension, players have to spend more and more time to challenge more difficult tasks. The process by characters to level up is sustainable and it cannot be sustained for a long time. Games designers build various rewards patterns for players to earn, which also causes addiction. d) Meanwhile, in-game currencies are increased by spending more time playing and more tasks are completed, which leads to more seductive pursuits to achieve. Cumulative gaming time or login in the game on time to complete the task will accumulate more wealth such as gold coins, credits, and energy which increase players’ purchasing power. In-game currencies can buy game props to help players easy to complete the task, and buy the virtual clothes to dress up the character, etc. (Loder Natasha, 2014). Actually, the virtual wealt h were drove by players’ vanity. Sometimes, parts of crops in the game can sell for business in real life between players. That’s why parts for players play so hard that update their items for selling to get a good price. e) Moreover, the designers prefer to set the randomly time-schedule of in-game rewards. Sometimes, players will get a big reward after finishing several tasks, but there are still have several parts of players will get a huge rewards when they only complete one task. Game designers make the factors of uncertainty to let the players never know when they can be rewarded through the tasks, but players always would like to wait the reward until as long as they play long enough. Designers are so smart that always structure a different target to pursue players for different period of gaming time. That’s why players will always have the game to play with innovation. There is no doubt that video games addiction should be categorized as a mental disorde r, however, the addiction is caused by video games’ design, which attracts more players to spend large amount of time to play it (John Hopson, 2001). In the second place, video games provide a fully realized virtual world for players to â€Å"escape† from the reality of the physical world. For gamers, the virtual world are more appealing than real life. a) Those kind of people with social phobias, and lose motivation to communicate with people more likely to addict in the internet video games. The success of the game gives them confidence and give them affirmation to prove their personal ability. Because the desire for interpersonal communication, these groups of players would like to build friendships in virtual space. Players can play together with other game users in a group randomly, and enjoy the feeling of teamwork to accomplish their common task. Also, in the network game, players based on reality condition of the real world or personal expectations of themselves to create the character in any status to finish career goal, to make friends, and to build the family with other users in the game. A lot of players put the ir own emotions to the games like the SIMS, and gradually lose themselves and indulge in games (Romeo Vitelli, 2013). Furthermore, b) people who have huge pressure in real life, sitting in front of the computer, logging in the video games and into the game, they will no longer remember their own ambitions and worry about the difficulties that happen in the life. They will only remember the games’ tasks, the monsters are killed, or another beautiful magic world. Players love the feeling of playing games without any restriction force in real life so video games become their spirit of places gradually (Jack Flanagan, 2014). Thirdly, video games have a strong psychological basis that can lead to an addiction for the players. For instance a) players get hysterical symptoms in the process to play racing games. Usually, this kind of psychology similar with the feedback after playing extreme sports. However, extreme sports have a high level of danger. People who keen to play extreme sports are willing to challenge the nature, and in the case of high danger coefficient to reach high excited state of mind. The metamorphosis of video game also create an immerse experiences for players, such as racing games. In addition, video games do not have physical risk. In the game, players should have quick reaction to avoid â€Å"hit† and elude oncoming vehicles. Mental shocking is a part of fun. Players are almost die but they are alive no matter in the process of extreme sports or such process of violate racing games (Jagodzinski Jan, 2006). All at once, b) violent video game provides the stimulus and brings mor e exciting pleasure for players. You cannot shooting in the street with a gun, it is illegal. However, violent games don’t break the low and have the restrictions for players. Virtual experiences are very real not only the first-Hand Role in killing process but also the vivid graphics. The pleasure of this kind of game is the reason of the players cannot extricate themselves (Xu Zhengchuan, 2012). The last but not the least, Neuroimaging studies have begun to study the changes of brain activity when players play the games and recorded the changes with documents. The evidence shows that there have changes in brain activity during on-line play. Response to video game addiction in players is similar with drug-induced substance dependence. â€Å"These brain regions include the dorsolateral perfrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus and caudate mucleus.† (Bavelier Daphne, 2011). In addition, unlike drug addiction, Video game addiction will not cause physical damage to human body. However, damage of nervous system are the common reason for the players become problem gamblers. There is no doubt that video games are addictive, and to produce special devastating on the nervous system of the brain. Simultaneously, it is important to note that games addiction is a process of accumulation results (Bavelier Daphne, 2011). As well, add ictive triggers is the important reason for the players spend a large amount of time to play internet video games and lead to cause changes in the brain. Then the fantasy world in the games make them feel better. As an example, one of the easiest operation video games called Farm Game which connects the players with their friends through the Internet. When the player starts to play the game, they will have six lands to sowing crops. Mature crops generally lasted six to seven hours. Players had to harvest their crops on time to avoid their game friends to steal their crops. Players with crops to sell more, they will acquire more coins to buy more land and more expensive crops. At the same time, their level of farms will up with more crops they sold. Players had to check the time, log in the game every day and harvest crops on time in order to avoid other players to steal their crops. I doubts even the players whether cannot help thinking of the picture, content and so on in the game or not. Actually, for most game players, they do often remind of the game and can’t wait to play the game. Video-game designers structure unpredictable and unexpected factors to attract players’ curio sity and desire, so they would like to spend more time to complete the goal in the games. Compared to drug addiction with physical damage, video games are more inclined to spiritual enjoyment and satisfaction. It seems that video game addiction is harmless, but Bakker says video games addiction can ruin lives (Sherry Rauh, 2006). Players don’t think they are in trouble with games addiction who are ignoring the problems and making addiction worse. At an addiction treatment center in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands (Sherry Rauh, 2006), players particularly are groups of adolescent who seriously addicted to internet video games and come to this center to quit addiction on video games. Keith Bakker (Sherry Rauh, 2006) is a director of this addiction consultants said in recent years, they received more and more patients who addicted especially for playing online role-playing games. In the process of broking dependence, if the players does not get more actions such as playing video g ames, they will become agitated, irate, violent and miserable because their fantasy world was interrupted by us. They are in low depression even do not willing to eat, sleep and alive. Otherwise, video game addicts will let players stay away from social development that affect socialize relationships; they will become more isolated with others. As well, students won’t have energy to learning because they are hard to concentrate on learning. And, with the grades become poor, they are tend to dropout and give up other interests and hobbies. In conclusion, I totally believed that it is possible to become addicted to internet video games. Video games addiction has become the mainstream problem in society. This addiction strongly causes problems for individual such as emotional problems, health problems and social problems. There are mainly four arguments’ points to explain the reason of internet video games addiction in this position paper. Such as video game have addictive triggers to attract players dependent on it and won’t stop playing. Play the game online in order to stay away the real digital world and video games offers strong psychological pressure to players. Lastly, there have changes in brain activity during on-line play. Video game gives pleasure to the players at the same time brings negative sides. In my opinion, video games addiction must be aware from parents and society because it is enough to destroy an adolescent life. Work Citation: Susan Orlean. BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2014,  from BrainyQuote.com Web site: http://www.brainyquote.com/citation/quotes/quotes/s/susanorlea494668.html#GxqS5W5rQEVom45A.99 Loder, N. â€Å"What Makes Video Games Addictive? : Electronic Entertainment.† The  Economist Newspaper NA, Inc. Feb 18, 2014. Web. April 5, 2014, from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500529138?accountid=28041 John Hopson. â€Å"Behavioral Game Design. GAMASUTRA: The Art Business  of Making Games†. UBM Tech. April 27, 2001. Web. April 5, 2014, from  http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3085/behavioral_game_design.php?print=1 Romeo Vitelli, ph.D. â€Å"Are Video Games Addictive?† Psychology Today, 19 August,  2013. Web. 5 April 2014, from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/media-spotlight/201308/are-video-games-addictive Jack Flanagan. â€Å"The Psychology of Video Game Addiction.† The Week, 5 Feb, 2014.  Web. 5 April 2014, from http://theweek.com/article/index/255964/the-psychology-of-video-game-addiction Jagodzinski, Jan. â€Å"Video Game Cybersubjects, The Ethics of Violence and Addiction:  A Psychoanalytic Approach.† Psychoanalysis, Culture Society 11.3  (Dec 2006): 282-303. ProQuest Psychology Journals. Web. 5 April 2014  from http://services.lib.mtu.edu:3960/docview/216517632/485C5DD715AC4523PQ/3?accountid=28041 Xu, Zhengchuan, et. al. â€Å"Online Game Addiction Among Adolescents: Motivation and Prevention Factors.† European Journal of Information Systems 21.3 (May 2012):  312-340. ProQuest Business Collection. Web. 5 April 2014 from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1010849335?accountid=28041 Babelier, Daphne, et. al. â€Å"Brains On Cideo Games.† Nature Reviews. Neuroscience  12.12 (Dec 2011): 763-8. ProQuest Psychology Journals. Web. 5 April 2014  from http://search.proquest.com/docview/905093857?accountid=28041 Sherry Rauh. â€Å"Detox For Video Game Addiction?† CBS Interactive Inc. July 3, 2006.  Web. 5 April 2014, from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/detox-for-video-game-addiction/

Good Sites For King Arthur :: Web Internet Essays

Good Sites For King Arthur The key to finding useful information on the Web is to know which websites are the most useful and informative. The best services that offer information on the King Arthur legends are "King Arthur" at http://www.britannia.com/history/h12.html, "Explorations in the History and Legends of Arthur" at http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/kingartur.html , and "The Camelot Project" at http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm. These websites are among the best. They offer biographies on the Arthurian characters, full texts on some of the legends and information analyzing the characters of Arthur from historical and legendary points of view. The "King Arthur" page at http:// www.britannia.com/history/h12.html, is a good source to discover some truths about Arthur and his existence. The site asks: was Arthur a king, a general or just a myth? In addition to historical information about the fifth century, the site includes, in the Arthurian chronology, information about the legends of Arthur that has developed in literature that has been written through the years. It also includes biographies of characters in the Arthurian legends. In addition, this site offers links to outside sources about King Arthur and his legends. One such link is the "Explorations in the History and Legends of Arthur" at http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/kingarthur.html, which is one of the best sources on Arthur because it explores both the popular and scholarly conceptions of King Arthur and his legends. For example, it answers frequently asked questions in historical and legendary contexts. Some of the questions that is asks are: was Guinevere really an adulteress? Was Excalibur, a sword, really in the stone? Was Gawain a great knight or a royal pain? It is very informative about Sir Gawain and the Green Knight offering a full text and a character analysis of Gawain. Lastly, it offers biographies on every single character in the Arthurian history and legends under the links called â€Å"The People of the History† and â€Å"The People of the Legends.† Another source of exceptional information about Arthurian Legends is "The Camelot Project" at http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm, which is a comprehensive reference site offering original texts, images, bibliographies and basic information. The Main Menu lists Arthurian characters, symbols, and sites. Students may move from any of the highlighted elements to a sub-menu of basic information, complete texts, images, and a bibliography about that subject. For example, choosing the highlighted word â€Å"Gawain† will lead the viewer to a list of texts written about Sir Gawain such as: "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle," Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and many more.

The Prime Instigator of Conflict Is Fear

When we people feel frightened, it is often that the fright itself is the point when conflict is build. It is not wrong if we say that conflict is not only triggered by fear. There are many things that could cause a conflict, but when you think a bit further, these things are caused none other but by fear. Hatred of one person to the other is generally caused by fear that also brings up anger and envy. Fears of the uncertain future and death also provoke conflict. When people is scared of what others might do to them, they will make the first move and strike without realizing or trying to understand them first which caused a misunderstanding that will again root to conflict. A Moslem, sometimes has a false interpretation when trying to understand their religion. They were trying to fulfill their belief needs, and yet their fear of the American society leads them to terrorize U. S and so started the war between them. The same thing could be applied to the protest against the authority. In ‘The Crucible’, Abigail Williams is the one who initiate conflict in Salem, which results in the death of many innocent people who are falsely accused of witchcraft. Abigail started her lies due to save her name in the village that already blackened, and as the story goes on, to save her life as well. With the arrival of Reverend Hale, the simple matter of ‘dancing in the wood’ could no longer be put behind. Abigail has no other choice but to keep lying, a lie that was once only to save her life is now threatening the whole village and people who are initially not involved in it. She does not hesitate on telling lies, and her true motive is now colored with her fear of losing her former lover. This fear is far greater than her conscience, and eventually devours it. Reverend Paris as a minister has a fright on his own that makes him not doing his job rightfully as the enforcement of justice. For the sake of his name, his family and his occupation, he turned his back on people who need justice. The fear of losing greatly consumes his mind that he willing to sacrifice other people rather than losing his pride, similar to what Abigail does. Judge Danforth is also one who is consumed by fear and would not let go of it. He has seen it that Abigail was a fraud, but he could not admit his wrong doing by hanging those innocent people, instead he declares that John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey need to be hanged by the next day to save his name. He is terrified of what people might think and do if they knew the truth that there is no witchcraft. These personal conflict which actually happened in their own mind, become a significant global conflict that involved a lot of people when a person with authority possessed it and take action to save themselves. War and terrorism that happened between Iraq and USA is none other created by one simple thing, fear. The reason that based these extremists on 9/11 tragedy is actually the same reason that is used when US had their attack on Iraq. We first thought that it is only natural that US would come with an attack of revenge, but US knew that Iraq is not the place where the bombing on 9/11 came from. Why do people attack one another? What causes human to kill? The answer is always clear, fear. We would not kill, attack, shoot and blow up other people if we weren’t afraid of them. It is true that conflict is generated from fears. This fear devours all conscience and common sense of human that brings out the inner conflict in ourselves. Nonetheless, conflict is our everyday meal for us human. Without conflict, not to mention fear, there will be no development or revolution in human life. But, it is always good to keep our fear and sense in control not letting fear taking charge in our mind. Democracy which arose from conflict, is also originated from the fear of the false-authority or tyranny. This shows that a controlled fear could brings up social justice and goodness in people.

Liability and a Environmental Liability Essay

A liability is a present obligation of the enterprise arising from the past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the enterprise of resources embodying economic benefits whereas An environmental liability is an obligation to pay future expenditures to remedy environmental damage that has occurred because of past events or transactions, or to compensate a third party that has suffered from the damage. An environmental liability exists when there is a requirement, based on statute, regulation, or legal agreement to perform cleanup (i.e., removal, containment, disposal) from federal operations that resulted in hazardous waste. Environmental liabilities must be recognized on the financial statement for probable and measurable future outflows or expenditure of resources for environmental cleanup, closure, and/or disposal actions. Obligation based on the principle that a polluting party should pay for any and all damage caused to the environment by its activities. In some countries, this is a strict liability if the damage can be attributed to a specific party. The principle of liability applies to environmental damage and imminent threat of damage resulting from occupational activities, where it is possible to establish a causal link between the damage and the activity in question. The essential characteristic of a liability is that the enterprise has a present obligation. Therefore , an environmental liability is probable if for example : 1. A legal obligation is exists 2. The management wants to prevent, reduce or repair substantial environmental impacts 3. A company in the US has been named by the US EPA as a potential responsible party to clean up as US Superfund site.

Singles

A day I will never forget One day I will never forget would be September first 2014. That was the day that Is made the volleyball team. I was eager to tryout since my friends and I did It last year. Everyday I had to wake up at six o clock In the morning and play volleyball. The coaches made us run a mile, pass to the target, serve, and set. After the first day of tryouts were over I went to straight to Walter and bought a volleyball.That night I practiced and watched volleyball videos on youth working on everything that we did in tryouts. During the tryouts I had to deal with negative people who didn't want to play with me because last year in 7th grade I wasn't all that great. It really hurt my feelings that people didn't want to play on the same team with because of last year. Sometimes those girls made me go to the point where I just didn't want to do tryout anymore because they were so mean and made me feel bad.When tryouts started this year I was determined to make the a team; I had to make it. Through tryouts I striver to be a better volleyball player and a better athlete. When I did really good and got my serves over I would pass to the target the coaches would tell me good Job or keep It up. When they said that It made me want to do better. So I did what they said and kept It up.

Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Equity and Trusts - Essay Example However, at times, it can be stressful and intimidating depending on the experience of the chosen executor. As such, those who are inexperience in estate distribution may inadvertently land themselves or the estates under their watch at risk. According to Beckert (2007), estate administration or settling an estate is defined as the process in which a deceased person estate and financial affairs are brought to a close. This paper focus on distribution of Adams will in line with British trust laws. Executor and executorships responsibilities The role of an executor is to implement what is stipulated in the will in accordance with laid down trust law. According to Dauncey (2005), all beneficiaries must be treated fairly and equitably. The executor should gather information about all assets, locate them and ensure their protection. In addition, liabilities, debts and any unpaid taxes must also be assessed and payments made. In Williams v Williams, the judge upheld that the executor must have the ability, knowledge and clear understanding of testators’ estate in order to properly oversee investments, business interests, and real estate holdings and manage them in an effective manner. In order to ensure distribution of the deceased person estates, the executor may engage agents such as lawyers, accountants and trust professionals to assist in interpretation of the will provisions and the law for proper administration. Laws of succession are concerned with transfer of personal and real property from the testator to the successor. In 19th century, the British enacted Married Women Property Act that gave married women the right to own and control property inherited from their husbands. According to Succession Act 1981, section 45(1), in the event that a testator is a trustee, the clause excludes the vesting powers of a personal representative to act as the trustee of the property. In Adam’s case, the testator was a trustee, but in addition, had appointed t wo other trustees, Ahmed and Jake to manage his property. Therefore, the appointed trustees assumed powers, authorities and discretions of a trustee since they had been given powers upon creation of a trust. The Wills, Estates and Succession Act, 2009, provides that only property within the deceased estate shall be allocated to the beneficiaries in line with the will, trustees deed or by following scheme of intestate succession. Section 42 through to 50 of Wills, Estates and Succession Act, 2009 provides that testators property included in the will, trustees deed is said to â€Å"pass â€Å" by the instrument in which it is bequeathed. However, any property that is subject to bequeath in respect of Family Law Act, 2009 may pass to the surviving dependants directly. Adam and with his family were involved in a plane crash and unluckily, Adam and his three children succumbed to injuries. However, the wife Alexandria who was pregnant survived though the doctors termed her condition as critical. Alexandria was pregnant and later on gave birth to twins. Luckily, Adam had written a will which was witnessed by two persons, that is personal assistant and the secretary. Additionally, the deceased had also issued some oral instructions on administration of his estate. However, Ahmed and Jake who were appointed as executors will

Supplier Sourcing and Development; Contracting Risks and Arrangements Assignment

Supplier Sourcing and Development; Contracting Risks and Arrangements - Assignment Example The underlying decision must be evaluated in terms of its benefits and costs in relation to all business pursuits that should be undertaken. The benefits of make or insources and buy or outsource are critical to account for, alongside their relative costs. The most appropriate in terms of more benefits and lesser costs between make/buy and insource/outsource becomes integral to the decision made. The contracting process that the federal government observes has its benefits and shortcomings. Specifically, socioeconomic programs, goals and quotas constitute both positive and negative impacts (Trent, 2007). On the positive side, the aforementioned aspects are designed to benefit the various sectors of the economy. To the stakeholders involved in the contracting processes, fairness and equal opportunities are provided for by the said aspects. All players have equal opportunities to the benefits provided for by the programs, goals, and quotas. On the other hand, negative impacts are realized. Bureaucracy encompasses federally mandated practices, lengthening contracting processes relative to industrial or commercial practices in the same line. Also, inadequacy of resources limits business interaction between the federal government and other stakeholders in that

The use of children in the Cambodian genocide Essay

The use of children in the Cambodian genocide - Essay Example The farms today are known as the 'killing fields' as so many died through over work, hunger or slaughter. Amongst the victims were the children who were taken away from their families and made to live in communal groups where the only family they were to consider was that of the Khmer Rouge. This essay sets out to show the lives these children led The Khmer Rouge wanted to eradicate anyone suspected of "involvement in free-market activities" including professionals, almost everyone with an education and who had connections to government and those who lived in the cities. The regime did not want the risk of anybody having the consciousness to rebel against their movement. The country was predominantly Buddhist and its monks were disrobed, half of them were killed and the rest forced to work in the harsh agricultural labor camps and Christianity was also abolished. They also believed that parents were corrupted by capitalism and felt that children should be separated from their families in order to ensure that they were swathed in socialist ideology. Children were taught methods of torture and were instrumental to the leadership of the communist dictatorship. The regime saw that children could be molded and indoctrinated to their political ideology; they were able to condition the children to believe that they were not the enemy and in doing so developed a community of children who were not able to identify with any other than the Khmer Rouge. The intention was to destroy the family values that were part of their culture and irradiate the trust that is held within family and community networks. Community and family members were expected and given incentives to spy on each other and this shattered networks and dissolved any trust through imbedding deeply rooted fear [1]. The young minds of children were easier to manipulate and the regime were able to brainwash children to such an extent that they would report back to the regime if their own parents were being antagonistic, the regime taught them to believe that they were their family and that their own kin were their enemies. Slogans such as 'I'm not killing my mother -I'm killing my enemy' were planted into their minds [2]. A propaganda song entitled, "We Children Love Angkar boundlessly," compared pre-revolutionary children to orphans abandoned by "the enemy", their parents, an excerpt from the song follows: [1] Colletta, N. J., & Cullen, M. L. (2000). The nexus between violent conflict, social capital and social cohesion: Case studies from Cambodia and Rwanda [electronic version]. [2] Martin, M. A. (1994). Cambodia: A shattered society. Berkeley, California: University of California Press Before the revolution, children were poor and lived lives of misery, Living like animals, suffering as orphans. The enemy abandoned all thought of us Now the glorious revolution supports us all [3]. The book the 'Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields' contains 29 essays from children who suffered at the hands of the regime. The children speak about their astonishing and painful experiences at the hands of the Khmer Rouge, how their families were torn apart to assist the social engineering plan of the regime, how

MGR #7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGR #7 - Essay Example It is evident that grace contributes to transforming us from our presumed commitment to God to a condition of delight as emphasized by Joanne. Additionally, the idea that grace is at the disposal of man to utilize in establishing a relationship with God was quite liberal. The author stresses on the use of human abilities in altering their ways. According to how the author presented her thoughts, it is noted that her book reflects her aspirations for others to reform their insights into Gods grace. She aspires that people use their abilities to change their ways God. Grace is a property of the Supreme Being demonstrated in the salvation of sinners. The Christian expectations often hold that there is an action in the relationship that exists between God and people in a way that must be seen through supernatural understandings. As much as grace is available for optional use by whoever wishes, the framework jeopardizes the salvation process as it makes Christians continuously lag behind in their spiritual