Justice Systems in Egypt and in the United States

Justice System in Egypt and the United States Brian L. Goodman Daymar College Outline Abstract Introduction III. The Legal Systems A. The United States Legal System B. The Egypt Legal System IV. Types of Crimes V. Components of Justice System in the United States VI. Components of Justice System in Egypt VII. Crimes A. United States B. Egypt VIII. Notes IX. References Abstract Justice System in Egypt and the United States are similar in many ways. Egypt Justice System bases its criminal code on British, Napoleon, and Italian models. There are three main categories of crime in Egypt law; they are minor offenses, misdemeanors and felonies. Egypt law requires that a detained person be brought before a magistrate with 48 hours or released. The United States Justice System enforces the law and defends the interests of the United States according to the law to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic, and to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime. The United States Justice System uses five components such as; local law enforcements, court trails, court cases, trial with grand jury and decision and punishment. Justice System in Egypt and the United States The United States is a federal system. The national government has enumerated powers, and the fifty states retain substantial authority. Both the national government and each state government is divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches. Written constitutions, both federal and state, form a system of separated powers, checks and balances among the branches. Egypt bases its criminal codes and courts operations primarily on British, Italian, and Napoleonic models. Criminal court procedures had been substantially modified by heritage of Islamic legal and social patterns and the legacy of numerous kinds of courts that formerly existed. In ancient Egypt, the rulers, called pharaohs, created the laws of the land and enforced them. The pharaohs had strict laws and at times, some very harsh punishments to maintain control over the people. The Egyptians had harsh punishments for breaking the law. The laws were based on common sense view of right and wrong. It depended on which crime the criminal did to figure out which punishment they would receive. Not only would it disgrace them, but it would disgrace their whole family. Now, Egypt uses criminal codes. The criminal codes listed three main categories of crime: minor offenses, misdemeanors, and felonies. Lower courts handled the majority of these cases. Capitol crimes that carried a possible death sentence includes murder, manslaughter, arson or the uses of explosives that caused death, rape, treason, and endangerment of state security. In Egypt few convictions for capital crimes, however, resulted in execution. Egypt laws required that a detained person be brought before a magistrate and formally charged within 48 hours or released. The accused are entitled to post bail and had the right to defended by legal counsel. Searches can not be conducted without a warrant. The justice system in the United States is one of the most unique in the world. It consists of two separate levels of courts, state and federal.. Most of the laws that govern our day-to-day living are state laws; violations of federal law include offenses involving federal government employees, kidnapping or evading arrest, and fraud such as income tax or postal fraud. There are two types of trials: criminal and civil. In a criminal trial, the government is prosecuting an individual for an offense that threatens the security of individual citizens. Usually, criminal trials involve actions taken as a result of malicious intent, Civil trials are disputes between two parties. In both instances, the person that charges are eing brought against is the defendant; in criminal trials, the government is the prosecution – in civil trials. References â€Å"Introduction to the Justice System† â€Å"An Overview of the Court System in the United Statesâ€Å" www. library. thinkquest. org The United States Department of Justice, www. justice. gov History of Criminal Justice System, www. lawandliberty. org Andrews, Mark  "Law and the Legal System in Ancient Egypt;† www. touregypt. net/featurestories/law. htm â€Å"Islam Mythsâ€Å", www. muslim-canada. org/Islam_myths. htm Justice Systems in Egypt and the United States